File/Directory Basics

ls List files
cp Copy files
mv Rename files
rm Delete files
ln Link files
cd Change directory
pwd Print current directory name
mkdir Create directory
rmdir Delete directory

File Viewing

cat View files
less Page through files
head View file beginning
tail View file ending
nl Number lines
od View binary data
xxd View binary data
gv View Postscript/PDF files
xdvi View TeX DVI files

File Creation and Editing

emacs Text editor
vim Text editor
umask Set default file protections
soffice Edit Word/Excel/PowerPoint docs
abiword Edit Word documents
gnumeric Edit Excel documents

File Properties

stat Display file attributes
wc Count bytes/words/lines
du Measure disk usage
file Identify file types
touch Change file timestamps
chown Change file owner
chgrp Change file group
chmod Change file protections
chattr Change advanced file attributes
lsattr List advanced file attributes

File Location

find Locate files
slocate Locate files via index
which Locate commands
whereis Locate standard files

File Text Manipulation

grep Search text for matching lines
cut Extract columns
paste Append columns
tr Translate characters
sort Sort lines
uniq Locate identical lines
tee Copy stdin to a file and to stdout simultaneously

File Compression

gzip Compress files (GNU Zip)
compress Compress files (Unix)
bzip2 Compress files (BZip2)
zip Compress files (Windows Zip)

File Comparison

diff Compare files line by line
comm Compare sorted files
cmp Compare files byte by byte
md5sum Compute checksums

Disks and Filesystems

df Show free disk space
mount Make a disk accessible
fsck Check a disk for errors
sync Flush disk caches

Backups and Remote Storage

mt Control a tape drive
dump Back up a disk
restore Restore a dump
tar Read/write tape archives
cdrecord Burn a CD
rsync Mirror a set of files

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